ANALISIS FENOMENOLOGIS PERAN SUBAK SEBAGAI JARING PENGAMAN EKONOMI KELUARGA DI KABUPATEN TABANAN

Authors

  • Ni Putu Yuli Tresna Dewi Universitas Mahendradatta Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47532/satyagraha.v9i2.631

Keywords:

Kata Kunci: Sektor Informal, Ekonomi Rumah Tangga, Fenomenologi, Subak, Resiliensi Finansial., Keywords: Informal Sector, Household Economy, Phenomenology, Subak, Financial Resilience.

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Perekonomian makro Provinsi Bali yang bertumpu linear pada industri pariwisata menyimpan kerapuhan struktural yang tinggi terhadap guncangan eksternal. Di sisi lain, Kabupaten Tabanan sebagai lumbung beras Bali tengah menghadapi tekanan alih fungsi lahan sawah dan stagnasi regenerasi petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali dan menguraikan esensi pengalaman hidup (lived experience) petani serta menganalisis peran nyata (manifested role) organisasi Subak sebagai jaring pengaman sosial ekonomi mandiri (organic safety net) keluarga petani dari risiko kemiskinan. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Data primer dihimpun melalui wawancara mendalam semi-terstruktur, observasi partisipatif pasif, dan dokumentasi terhadap informan yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling yang dikombinasikan dengan snowball sampling. Analisis data dijalankan secara sistematis melalui algoritma fenomenologi eksploratif model Moustakas, meliputi tahapan horizonalisasi, klasterisasi unit makna, hingga penemuan esensi fenomena. Hasil penelitian berhasil mengkristalisasikan tiga tema eksistensial utama: (1) pergulatan di atas tanah subsisten yang merefleksikan kecemasan petani terhadap instabilitas harga dan ancaman spasial; (2) jaringan kepercayaan dan solidaritas mekanis yang termaterialisasi lewat tradisi resiprokal komunal (nguopin dan pinjam air); serta (3) dikotomi pemaknaan hasil panen untuk pemenuhan domestik (dapur) dan pemeliharaan hubungan spiritual (yadnya). Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa modal sosial yang melekat pada kelembagaan Subak bertindak secara efektif sebagai instrumen proteksi ekonomi mandiri keluarga dalam menekan biaya produksi dan menjamin ketahanan pangan rumah tangga. Otoritas kebijakan direkomendasikan untuk memformulasikan skema insentif pajak lahan sawah produktif serta mengintegrasikan penyaluran subsidi langsung melalui institusi Subak.

ABSTRACT

The macroeconomy of Bali Province, which relies linearly on the tourism industry, harbors high structural vulnerability to external shocks. Conversely, Tabanan Regency, as the rice bowl of Bali, is confronting conversion pressures on productive paddy fields and a stagnation in farmer regeneration. This study aims to explore and describe the essence of farmers' lived experiences and analyze the manifested role of the Subak organization as an organic socio-economic safety net protecting farm households from the threat of poverty. This research utilizes a qualitative approach with an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) design. Primary data were gathered through semi-structured in-depth interviews, passive participant observation, and documentation of informants selected via purposive sampling combined with snowball sampling techniques. Data analysis was executed systematically using Moustakas' explorative phenomenological algorithm, encompassing horizontalization, clustering of meaning units, and synthesizing the essence of the phenomenon. The findings successfully crystallized three major existential themes: (1) the struggle over subsistence land, reflecting farmers' anxieties regarding price instability and spatial threats; (2) networks of trust and mechanical solidarity, materialized through communal reciprocal traditions (nguopin and water-borrowing); and (3) the dual meaning of crop yields, divided between domestic fulfillment (dapur) and maintaining spiritual obligations (yadnya). This study concludes that the social capital embedded within Subak institutions acts effectively as a household economic protection instrument by reducing production costs and ensuring domestic food security. Policy authorities are recommended to formulate tax incentive schemes for productive wet rice fields and integrate direct subsidy distribution through the Subak institution.

 

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Published

01-08-2026